Küchenhoff J
Psychosomatischen Klinik, Universität Heidelberg.
Z Psychosom Med Psychoanal. 1994;40(3):236-48.
The assumption that specific factors of personality or unconscious conflict are causative factors in psychosomatic diseases was a guiding concept in psychosomatic medicine for a long time. An early paper of F. Alexander written in 1934 and a series of papers on the problem of specificity published in 1958 serve as examples to bring this important issue back to memory. The original problem seems to have been solved by exchanging specificity models by models of interaction of multiple factors and of multifactorial constellations. It is argued that the debate on specificity in psychosomatic medicine has implicitly been a debate on the scientific status of the psychoanalytic approach in psychosomatic medicine, and that these methodological issues are still vital to psychosomatic medicine.
人格的特定因素或无意识冲突是心身疾病的致病因素这一假设，长期以来一直是心身医学中的一个指导性概念。F. 亚历山大1934年撰写的一篇早期论文以及1958年发表的一系列关于特异性问题的论文，可作为例子让我们回忆起这个重要问题。通过用多因素相互作用模型和多因素组合模型取代特异性模型，最初的问题似乎已经得到解决。有人认为，心身医学中关于特异性的争论实际上一直是关于精神分析方法在心身医学中科学地位的争论，而且这些方法论问题对心身医学仍然至关重要。
