Tcheremenska A R, Gisel E G
School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Am J Occup Ther. 1994 Jul;48(7):626-32. doi: 10.5014/ajot.48.7.626.
Eating assessment is the first step toward amelioration of eating problems in children. A quantitative evaluation tool with three standard textures of food has been developed to determine the severity of an eating problem. However, children occasionally refuse some of the standard textures. Much time and effort could be saved if substitute textures could be used for testing. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using substitute food textures.
Twenty children (10 without disabilities, 10 with cerebral palsy and eating impairments) with a mean age of 8.2 years (SD = 4.1) years were tested with three standard and three substitute textures of food (solid viscous, puree. Eating time (in seconds) and chewing cycles were compared between standard and substitute textures as well as between children without disabilities and children with eating impairments.
Substitutes for pureed and viscous, but not solid textures could be used for children without disabilities; in children with eating impairments, substitutes for viscous and solid, but not pureed textures could be used.
Children with eating impairments may be more sensitive than children without disabilities to small changes in food consistencies or other characteristics of the food. Thus, in standardized testing, food textures should not be arbitrarily interchanged.
饮食评估是改善儿童饮食问题的第一步。已开发出一种具有三种标准食物质地的定量评估工具，以确定饮食问题的严重程度。然而，儿童偶尔会拒绝某些标准质地的食物。如果可以使用替代质地进行测试，那么可以节省大量时间和精力。本研究的目的是检验使用替代食物质地的可行性。
对20名平均年龄为8.2岁（标准差=4.1岁）的儿童（10名无残疾，10名患有脑瘫且有饮食障碍）进行了三种标准食物质地和三种替代食物质地（固体黏稠、泥状）的测试。比较了标准质地和替代质地之间以及无残疾儿童和有饮食障碍儿童之间的进食时间（以秒为单位）和咀嚼周期。
对于无残疾儿童，可以使用泥状和黏稠质地的替代物，但不能使用固体质地的替代物；对于有饮食障碍的儿童，可以使用黏稠和固体质地的替代物，但不能使用泥状质地的替代物。
有饮食障碍的儿童可能比无残疾儿童对食物稠度或食物其他特性的微小变化更敏感。因此，在标准化测试中，食物质地不应随意互换。
