Rosenberger A L, Stafford B J
Department of Zoological Research, National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1994 Jul;94(3):379-94. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330940307.
Video studies, gait analysis, footprint tracks, and observational scan sampling show that, in comparably furnished enclosures, Leontopithecus rosalia and Callimico goeldii are superficially similar in their use of predefined locomotor patterns but differ profoundly in many underlying details which reflect differences in postcranial morphology. Each uses pronograde arboreal quadrupedal walking, quadrupedal bounding, and vertical climbing with comparable frequency, and both shift to bounding while moving quadrupedally at high speeds. In walking, both species use a diagonal sequence gait. However, in Callimico the distance per bout traveled while walking or running is shorter than in L. rosalia and there is an emphasis on leaping (from a stationary position) and bounding-leaps (saltational extensions of pronograde quadrupedalism), in contrast with the basically quadrupedal style of L. rosalia. This dichotomy is consistent with anatomical specializations, such as forelimb elongation in Leontopithecus and hindlimb elongation in Callimico. In vivo hand- and footprint studies demonstrate grasping halluces in both species while walking. Limb stances in L. rosalia during "transaxial bounding" involve an overstriding hindlimb, a predominance of oblique rather than in-line travel, and unique hand and foot positions. Anatomically, this locomotor style may be associated with reduced dexterity of the elongate hands and a relatively short hallux. The captive locomotor profiles for both species probably reflect biased samples of the locomotor repertoire of their wild counterparts. Nevertheless, these data reflect species-specific integrations of locomotor behavior and morphology, and corroborate expectations of locomotor diversity among callitrichine primates, even those of similar body size. It is suggested, however, that conventional quantitative studies of locomotor profiles may prove inadequate for resolving subtle aspects of locomotor morphology and behavior.
视频研究、步态分析、足迹追踪和观察性扫描抽样表明，在布置相当的圈养环境中，金狮狨和黄头狨在使用预先定义的运动模式方面表面上相似，但在许多潜在细节上却有很大差异，这些细节反映了颅后形态的差异。它们各自使用前肢前伸的树栖四足行走、四足跳跃和垂直攀爬的频率相当，并且在高速四足移动时都会转为跳跃。在行走时，两个物种都采用对角序列步态。然而，在黄头狨中，行走或奔跑时每次行程的距离比金狮狨短，并且更强调（从静止位置）跳跃和跳跃式飞跃（前肢前伸四足行走的跳跃式延伸），这与金狮狨基本的四足运动方式形成对比。这种二分法与解剖学特化一致，例如金狮狨的前肢伸长和黄头狨的后肢伸长。活体手部和足迹研究表明，两个物种在行走时都有抓握拇趾的动作。在“跨轴跳跃”过程中，金狮狨的肢体姿势包括后肢过度伸展、以斜向而非直线行进为主，以及独特的手和脚的位置。从解剖学角度来看，这种运动方式可能与细长手部灵活性降低以及相对较短的拇趾有关。这两个物种在圈养环境中的运动特征可能反映了其野生同类运动技能的有偏差样本。然而，这些数据反映了运动行为和形态的物种特异性整合，并证实了对绢毛猴灵长类动物（即使是体型相似的物种）运动多样性的预期。然而，有人认为，传统的运动特征定量研究可能不足以解决运动形态和行为的细微方面。
