Adelman R D
J Fam Pract. 1976 Dec;3(6):647-9.
Urinary tract infections (UTI's) are common in medicine. Symptoms may include fever, chills, frequency, and dysuria. Asymptomatic UTI's are also common, with a prevalence of one percent in school girls and ten percent in pregnant women. Pyuria, dysuria, and frequency may be absent in patients with UTI's or present in patients without UTI's. Therefore, a UTI must be bacteriologically diagnosed as greater than 100,000 organisms/ml, usually of a single organism, in a properly obtained urine specimen. The dipslide is a simple, convenient, inexpensive device for the quantitative diagnosis of a UTI. Culture media are layered on both sides of the dipslide, one medium allowing growth of all organisms and the other medium favoring growth of enterobacteriae. After immersion in a clean catch urine specimen, the dipslide is incubated for 24 hours at 37 C. Each urinary organism forms a colony "dot". The density of colony "dots" can be quantitated easily by comparison with standardized graphs. The dipslide is a highly accurate and sensitive tool that can be used for the diagnosis of UTI's, assessment of antimicrobial effectiveness, follow-up for presence of recurrence or relapse, and screening of high-risk individuals.
尿路感染在医学上很常见。症状可能包括发热、寒战、尿频和排尿困难。无症状性尿路感染也很常见，在女学生中的患病率为1%，在孕妇中为10%。尿路感染患者可能没有脓尿、排尿困难和尿频症状，而没有尿路感染的患者也可能有这些症状。因此，必须通过细菌学诊断，在正确采集的尿液标本中，每毫升尿液中的细菌数量超过100,000个，且通常为单一菌种，才能确诊为尿路感染。浸片是一种用于尿路感染定量诊断的简单、方便且廉价的装置。培养基涂覆在浸片的两面，一种培养基允许所有细菌生长，另一种培养基有利于肠杆菌生长。将浸片浸入清洁采集的尿液标本中后，在37℃下孵育24小时。每种尿液细菌都会形成一个菌落“点”。通过与标准图表比较，可以轻松定量菌落“点”的密度。浸片是一种高度准确和灵敏的工具，可用于尿路感染的诊断、抗菌效果评估、复发或再发情况的随访以及高危个体的筛查。
