Yamada N, Tanabe H, Kazui H, Ikeda M, Hashimoto M, Sakamoto S, Sawada J, Shiraishi J
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.
No To Shinkei. 1994 Aug;46(8):781-6.
We report a case of a Pick's disease (frontal predominant type) with unusual laughing. The patient was a 54-year-old, right handed, female. The patient began to show low activity and inappropriate laughing at about 51 years. She did not speak at all and showed weird laughing with a voice "hi hi hi hi hi hi" frequently at first presentation. When asked some questions, she sometimes answered with a nod. Almost all of her laughing did not match with the situation and seemed to lack a relationship between affective change and observed expressions. The laughing could be elicited by non specific and varied stimuli. She often interrupt laughing voluntarily unlike pathological laughing. Neurological examination revealed visual rooting reflex and forced grasping reflex but there was no signs of pseudobulbar palsy often observed in patients with pathological laughing. Her electromyogram of facial expression during the laughing showed that electric discharge of M. corrugator supercilii was over 4 times as much as that in normal laughing. And it showed also that the duration of her laughing was several seconds as normal laughing. CT and MRI scans demonstrated atrophy in the fronto-temporo-parietal lobe bilaterally (L > R), most prominent in the frontal lobe. SPECT scan showed a significant diminution of blood flow in the atrophic region. An EEG was normal. We consider that the laughing of the present case is not due to an emotional disturbance but rather a disorder of affective expression as pathological laughing.
我们报告一例具有异常发笑症状的匹克氏病(额叶为主型)。患者为一名54岁右利手女性。患者在约51岁时开始表现出活动减少及不适当的发笑。初次就诊时,她完全不说话,频繁发出“嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻”的怪异笑声。当被问及一些问题时,她有时会点头回答。她几乎所有的笑都与情境不相符,似乎情感变化与所观察到的表情之间缺乏关联。这种笑可由非特异性且多样的刺激引发。与病理性发笑不同,她经常能自主中断发笑。神经系统检查发现有视觉觅食反射和强握反射,但没有病理性发笑患者常出现的假性延髓麻痹体征。她发笑时面部表情的肌电图显示,皱眉肌的放电比正常发笑时多4倍以上。而且还显示她发笑的持续时间与正常发笑一样为几秒。CT和MRI扫描显示双侧额颞顶叶萎缩(左侧>右侧),以额叶最为明显。SPECT扫描显示萎缩区域血流显著减少。脑电图正常。我们认为本例患者的发笑并非由情绪障碍所致,而是一种如病理性发笑那样的情感表达障碍。