Proteoglycan synthesis by cultured human chondrocytes.

Iliac crest biopsies are important in the detection of human skeletal dysplasias. Therefore, culture of these cells may serve as a valuable method for studying proteoglycan metabolism in chondrocytes of individuals with skeletal abnormalities. Morphological and biochemical studies were performed on human iliac crest chondrocytes grown in monolayer and in agarose gels. Two proteoglycan populations of different hydrodynamic size and glycosaminoglycan composition were synthesized by cells grown in monolayer. Chondrocytes cultured in an agarose gel for 2 weeks synthesized proteoglycans identical to those of the native tissue with respect to hydrodynamic size and glycosaminoglycan chain length. However, the ratio of chondroitin-6-sulfate to chondroitin-4-sulfate was higher than in the native tissue. This ratio was not influenced by different sulfate concentrations in the medium. Moreover, treatment with ascorbic acid did not influence proteoglycan synthesis; however, there was a pericellular accumulation of proteoglycans.