Using the PEN&PAD information model to support hospital-based clinical care.

The PEN&PAD model for clinical record systems has been successfully used for medical records in both General Practice and hospital-based care. This paper describes experiences of using the model for developing computer-based nursing records. Results from this work show that there are some problems with directly applying the model to the nursing domain. Whilst the main purpose of the nursing record is to document and communicate a patient's care, it has several other, possibly incompatible, roles. Furthermore, the structure and content of the information contained within the nursing record is heavily influenced by the need for the nursing profession to visibly demonstrate the philosophical frameworks underlying their work. By providing new insights into the professional background of nursing records, this work has highlighted the need for nurses to clarify and make explicit, their uses of information, and also provided them with some tools to assist in this task.