Meyerowitz E M
Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 1994 Aug;4(4):602-8. doi: 10.1016/0959-437x(94)90079-i.
In their development, plants precisely control the patterns of cell size, cell shape and cell division, the position of differentiation of cell types, and the position and number of organs. In the past year, progress has been made in understanding four of these five levels of control of plant pattern formation, including specification of cell fate by cell size in the alga Volvox carteri, genetic control of cell shape in the leaf hairs of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, precise control of cell division and cellular enlargement in Arabidopsis root meristems, and control of cell number in meristems of Arabidopsis, tobacco, and maize. These examples indicate that both the fate and shape of differentiated plant cells can be determined by the size of their undifferentiated precursors, and that the primary effect of mutations that alter cell fate and cellular shape can be on cell size. Furthermore, specific genes have been found that are necessary for normal patterns and numbers of cell divisions. Molecular cloning of these genes is revealing the molecular basis of plant cell division control.
在其发育过程中，植物精确地控制细胞大小、细胞形状和细胞分裂的模式、细胞类型分化的位置以及器官的位置和数量。在过去的一年里，在理解植物模式形成的这五个控制水平中的四个方面取得了进展，包括绿藻卡特氏团藻中细胞大小对细胞命运的决定、开花植物拟南芥叶毛细胞形状的遗传控制、拟南芥根分生组织中细胞分裂和细胞膨大的精确控制，以及拟南芥、烟草和玉米分生组织中细胞数量的控制。这些例子表明，分化植物细胞的命运和形状都可以由其未分化前体的大小决定，而且改变细胞命运和细胞形状的突变的主要影响可能在于细胞大小。此外，已经发现了一些对正常的细胞分裂模式和数量必不可少的特定基因。这些基因的分子克隆正在揭示植物细胞分裂控制的分子基础。
