Muscarinic acetylcholine response in pyramidal neurones of rat cerebral cortex.

1. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on pyramidal neurons acutely dissociated from the rat cerebral cortex were studied in the whole-cell mode, by use of the nystatin-perforated patch recording configuration. 2. ACh induced a net inward current (IACh) accompanied by a membrane conductance decrease at a holding potential (VH) of -40 mV. IACh increased in a concentration-dependent manner with a half-maximum concentration (EC50) of 8.7 x 10(-7) M. 3. IACh mainly resulted from the suppression of the voltage- and time-dependent K+ current (M-current). 4. Muscarine and muscarinic agonists such as McN-A-343, oxotremorine and oxotremorine-M mimicked the ACh response. The potency was in the order of oxotremorine-M > McN-A-343 > or = muscarine > oxotremorine. 5. Pirenzepine shifted the concentration-response curve for ACh to the right and the corresponding Schild plot yielded a pA2 value of 7.81. Other muscarinic antagonists also reversibly blocked IACh in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory potency was in the order of atropine > 4-DAMP > pirenzepine > AF-DX-116. 6. IACh could be induced normally even after pre-incubation of dissociated neurones in external solution with 200 ng ml-1 pertussis toxin (PTX) for 8 h, whereas the inhibitory effect of ACh on high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels was completely abolished by the PTX treatment.