Chou C C, Coatney R W
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1101.
Br Vet J. 1994 Sep-Oct;150(5):423-37. doi: 10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80192-7.
The cardiovascular response to feeding consists of two phases. The anticipation/ingestion phase is a brief, generalized cardiovascular response mediated by sympathetic neural activity. The digestive/absorptive phase is a longer, locally mediated vascular response to luminal nutrients. This post-prandial hyperaemia is localized primarily to the intestinal segment and tissue layer (mucosa) exposed to chyme. The stimuli for this hyperaemia are the digested products of food, and bile. Micellar fatty acids induce the greatest hyperaemia, followed by glucose. Individual amino acids have little effect, but by-products of protein digestion may increase blood flow. Bile enhances the glucose-induced hyperaemia and renders fatty acids and amino acids vasoactive. The mechanisms involved in the initiation and maintenance of the hyperaemia are complex and involve numerous factors that may vary with the type of nutrient. The factors involved include intestinal activity such as absorption, motility and secretion, tissue oxidative metabolism, adenosine, tissue oxygen tension, the enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal peptides such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as histamine and prostanoids. The post prandial intestinal hyperaemia is probably the net result of the complex interaction of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle.
进食引起的心血管反应包括两个阶段。预期/摄入阶段是由交感神经活动介导的短暂、全身性心血管反应。消化/吸收阶段是对腔内营养物质产生的持续时间较长、局部介导的血管反应。这种餐后充血主要局限于暴露于食糜的肠段和组织层（黏膜）。这种充血的刺激物是食物的消化产物和胆汁。微胶粒脂肪酸引起的充血最为显著，其次是葡萄糖。单个氨基酸的影响较小，但蛋白质消化的副产物可能会增加血流量。胆汁可增强葡萄糖引起的充血，并使脂肪酸和氨基酸具有血管活性。充血起始和维持所涉及的机制很复杂，涉及许多可能因营养物质类型而异的因素。这些因素包括肠道活动，如吸收、蠕动和分泌、组织氧化代谢、腺苷、组织氧张力、肠神经系统、胃肠肽，如血管活性肠肽，以及旁分泌物质，如组胺和前列腺素。餐后肠道充血可能是所有这些因素在肠道血管平滑肌上复杂相互作用的最终结果。
