Fine structure of the supramammillary nucleus of the rat: analysis of the ultrastructural character of dopaminergic neurons.

The supramammillary nucleus projecting to widespread regions contains dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons. The present study provided a comprehensive electron microscopic analysis of these dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the supramammillary nucleus of the rat. The normal supramammillary nucleus was composed of round or spindle-shaped, small and medium-sized neurons (12.7 x 8.0 microns, 78.0 microns 2) containing a light oval nucleus with invaginated envelope, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, less-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, and no Nissl bodies. The majority of terminals (more than 70%) in the normal neuropil were small (diameter less than 1.0 microns) and contained round vesicles forming asymmetric synaptic contacts. The terminals often contained dense-cored vesicles. To determine the morphological features of dopaminergic neurons, we examined the ultrastructural localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, which is the synthetic enzyme of dopamine, and compared TH-immunoreactive neurons to non-TH-immunoreactive neurons. Their shape and size were similar. The average number of axosomatic terminals in a sectional plane was 5.0 in TH-neurons and 2.4 in non-TH-neurons; the bouton covering ratio was 16.5% in the former and 8.6% in the latter. Both numbers were significantly larger in TH-neurons than in non-TH-neurons. Serial ultrathin sections of these neurons revealed that the average total number of axosomatic terminals was 55.7 in the TH-neuron and 28.4 in the non-TH-neuron. Characteristic lamellar bodies and sub-surface cisternae were often present in TH neurons. There were no TH-labeled terminals. These results indicate that dopaminergic neurons receive more inputs than neurons containing other neurotransmitters.