Knight G W, Guenzel P J
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Detroit, Mercy, MI.
J Dent Educ. 1994 Oct;58(10):752-61.
Students contorted to achieve direct vision indicate that training of mirror skills is absent or ineffective. Training referenced in the literature is not described or amounts to practice using a mirror to perform a psychomotor task often marginally related to dental procedures. No complete task analysis of mirror use is reported. In this study, the authors applied instructional engineering principles to 1) analyze the task and design instruction, 2) validate instruction, and 3) foster mirror use. First-year students (experimentals) completed the new mirror instruction as well as the regular course instruction. A randomly selected group of second-year students who had not completed the mirror instruction but had completed a similar course comprised the control group for the validation. Sets of randomly grouped experimental subjects evaluated a maxillary preparation using mirror vision at three times during the semester and one time a year later. The controls evaluated the same preparation the first time only. Accuracy in describing the critical features of the preparation was used as an indicator of mirror skill. All subjects were observed for mirror use during a practical examination involving maxillary preparations. All groups were equivalent on entering GPA, DAT-A, and DAT-P. Experimental groups made significant improvement in measures of mirror vision skill over time. Experimental groups 2, 3, and 4 significantly outperformed controls on the same measures and demonstrated significantly higher rate of mirror use during the practical exam. The mirror skills instruction appears valid.
学生们为了获得直视效果而扭曲身体，这表明镜像技能的训练缺失或无效。文献中提及的训练并未详细描述，或者只是使用镜子进行与牙科操作通常仅有微弱关联的心理运动任务的练习。没有关于镜像使用的完整任务分析报告。在本研究中，作者应用教学工程原理来：1）分析任务并设计教学，2）验证教学，3）促进镜像使用。一年级学生（实验组）完成了新的镜像教学以及常规课程教学。一组随机挑选的未完成镜像教学但已完成类似课程的二年级学生组成对照组用于验证。随机分组的实验组在学期内三次以及一年后一次使用镜像观察对上颌预备进行评估。对照组仅在第一次评估相同的预备情况。描述预备关键特征的准确性被用作镜像技能的指标。在涉及上颌预备的实践考试中观察所有受试者的镜像使用情况。所有组在入学GPA、DAT - A和DAT - P方面相当。随着时间推移，实验组在镜像观察技能指标上有显著提高。实验组2、3和4在相同指标上显著优于对照组，并且在实践考试中展示出显著更高的镜像使用率。镜像技能教学似乎是有效的。
