Kreiman J, Gerratt B R, Berke G S
Division of Head and Neck Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1994 Sep;96(3):1291-302. doi: 10.1121/1.410277.
Although the terms "breathy" and "rough" are frequently applied to pathological voices, widely accepted definitions are not available and the relationship between these qualities is not understood. To investigate these matters, expert listeners judged the dissimilarity of pathological voices with respect to breathiness and roughness. A second group of listeners rated the voices on unidimensional scales for the same qualities. Multidimensional scaling analyses suggested that breathiness and roughness are related, multidimensional constructs. Unidimensional ratings of both breathiness and roughness were necessary to describe patterns of similarity with respect to either quality. Listeners differed in the relative importance given to different aspects of voice quality, particularly when judging roughness. The presence of roughness in a voice did not appear to influence raters' judgments of breathiness; however, judgments of roughness were heavily influenced by the degree of breathiness, the particular nature of the influence varying from listener to listener. Differences in how listeners focus their attention on the different aspects of multidimensional perceptual qualities apparently are a significant source of interrater unreliability (noise) in voice quality ratings.
尽管“呼吸声重的”和“粗糙的”这两个术语经常用于描述病理性嗓音，但目前尚无被广泛接受的定义，且这些特质之间的关系也尚不明确。为了探究这些问题，专业听众对病理性嗓音在呼吸声和粗糙程度方面的差异进行了评判。另一组听众则根据相同特质，在单维度量表上对嗓音进行评分。多维尺度分析表明，呼吸声和粗糙程度是相关的多维结构。要描述任一特质的相似性模式，呼吸声和粗糙程度的单维度评分都是必要的。听众对嗓音质量不同方面的相对重视程度存在差异，尤其是在评判粗糙程度时。嗓音中粗糙程度的存在似乎并未影响评分者对呼吸声的判断；然而，粗糙程度的判断却受到呼吸声程度的严重影响，具体影响方式因人而异。听众在如何将注意力集中于多维感知特质的不同方面上存在差异，这显然是嗓音质量评分中评分者间不可靠性（噪音）的一个重要来源。
