Iwamoto K S, Hirai Y, Umeki S, Kusunoki Y, Kyoizumi S, Kodama T, Ohama K, Nakamura N, Akiyama M
Department of Radiobiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan.
J Radiat Res. 1994 Jun;35(2):92-103. doi: 10.1269/jrr.35.92.
Dose estimates for the assessment of future risks, following accidental exposure to radiation, for certain diseases such as cancer usually rely on both physical and biological quantitative analyses. A traditional biological method of choice is the measurement of chromosome aberration frequencies in peripheral-blood lymphocytes. However, thorough examination of large sample populations is time and labor intensive. Recently, it became possible to measure mutant frequencies in T lymphocytes; one method is a colony assay at the HPRT gene, and the other is a flow-cytometric assay at the T-cell-receptor (TCR) gene. To test for the possible use of these mutation assays, concurrent measurements were taken on blood samples from women who previously received a full course of radiation therapy for gynecological cancer. The results showed that the frequency of TCR mutants correlated reasonably well with that of dicentric chromosomes, whereas the frequency of HPRT mutants did not. Possible uses of the TCR mutation assay in combination with the conventional chromosome analysis or micronucleus assay after exposure of a relatively large population are discussed.
对于某些疾病（如癌症），在意外暴露于辐射后评估未来风险的剂量估计通常依赖于物理和生物定量分析。一种传统的生物学选择方法是测量外周血淋巴细胞中的染色体畸变频率。然而，对大量样本群体进行全面检查既耗时又费力。最近，测量T淋巴细胞中的突变频率成为可能；一种方法是在HPRT基因处进行集落测定，另一种方法是在T细胞受体（TCR）基因处进行流式细胞术测定。为了测试这些突变测定法的可能用途，对先前接受过妇科癌症全疗程放射治疗的女性的血液样本进行了同步测量。结果表明，TCR突变体的频率与双着丝粒染色体的频率相关性较好，而HPRT突变体的频率则不然。讨论了在相对大量人群暴露后，TCR突变测定法与传统染色体分析或微核测定法联合使用的可能用途。
