Singh D, Greenberg B
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607-7060.
J Med Entomol. 1994 Sep;31(5):757-9. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/31.5.757.
Survival of pupae of known ages after 1 to 5 d of submersion under water was assessed by determining the emergence of Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Cochliomyia macellaria (F.), Phormia regina (Meigen), and Phaenicia sericata (Meigen). Survival after 1 d of submergence was < 14% in the white puparial stage, 0-100% in pharate adults nearing eclosion, and approximately 100% in pupae between these two stages. This pattern inversely tracks O2 consumption during metamorphosis. Twenty-five percent of the pupae of three species (P. terraenovae, P. regina, and P. sericata) produced normal adults after 4 d of submersion, but none after 5 d. Among survivors, the pupation period was extended by the duration of submersion. Pupae of C. vicina were least able to withstand drowning. These data are potentially useful in estimating duration of submergence of a corpse in forensic investigations where the corpse becomes submerged after the larvae have developed and pupariated.
通过测定新大陆原伏蝇（Robineau-Desvoidy）、红头丽蝇（Robineau-Desvoidy）、蛆症金蝇（F.）、黑须亚麻蝇（Meigen）和丝光绿蝇（Meigen）的羽化情况，评估已知龄期的蛹在水下浸泡1至5天后的存活率。白色蛹期浸泡1天后的存活率小于14%，接近羽化的蛹前期成虫为0 - 100%，处于这两个阶段之间的蛹的存活率约为100%。这种模式与变态过程中的氧气消耗呈负相关。三种蝇类（新大陆原伏蝇、黑须亚麻蝇和丝光绿蝇）的蛹在浸泡4天后有25%羽化出正常成虫，但浸泡5天后无一羽化出正常成虫。在存活者中，化蛹期因浸泡时间而延长。红头丽蝇的蛹最不耐淹。在法医调查中，当尸体在幼虫发育并化蛹后被淹没时，这些数据可能有助于估计尸体的浸泡时间。
