Patterson R E, Haines P S, Popkin B M
Cancer Prevention Research Program Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104.
Prev Med. 1994 Jul;23(4):453-60. doi: 10.1006/pmed.1994.1062.
Reaching national health objectives depends upon our ability to encourage the performance of multiple good health behaviors. There are cognitive, social, and biological reasons for expecting health behaviors to cluster. However, few studies have found significant associations among health behaviors, with the exception of the documented link between smoking and alcohol consumption.
We used cluster analysis to identify population subgroups with similar patterns of diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. This is the first study of health behavior interrelationships to include a measure of overall diet quality and a large sample from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults.
We identified seven health behavior typologies: 10% of the sample (health promoting lifestyle) had an overall healthy lifestyle, 25% had a good diet but sedentary activity level, 18% had fair diet but high activity level (fitness lifestyle). Individuals in the passive lifestyle cluster (25%) had no active health promoting activities but did avoid risk taking health behaviors. Six percent of the sample were in a drinking cluster, 15% in a smoking cluster, and 2% had a hedonic lifestyle characterized by heavy drinking and smoking. These lifestyle clusters could be characterized by demographic and socioeconomic factors.
This research indicates that it is possible to identify a discrete number of health lifestyles in a population sample of U.S. adults. Understanding past, present, and changing health lifestyles may provide insights for health behavior research and information for the development and targeting of public health programs that can impact on multifactorial chronic diseases.
实现国家健康目标取决于我们鼓励人们践行多种有益健康行为的能力。出于认知、社会和生物学方面的原因，人们预期健康行为会出现聚集现象。然而，除了已记录的吸烟与饮酒之间的联系外，很少有研究发现健康行为之间存在显著关联。
我们使用聚类分析来确定在饮食质量、身体活动、饮酒和吸烟模式方面相似的人群亚组。这是第一项研究健康行为相互关系的研究，其中纳入了整体饮食质量的衡量指标，并从一项具有全国代表性的美国成年人调查中选取了大量样本。
我们确定了七种健康行为类型：10%的样本（促进健康的生活方式）拥有整体健康的生活方式，25%的人饮食良好但身体活动水平较低，18%的人饮食一般但身体活动水平较高（健康生活方式）。处于被动生活方式聚类中的个体（25%）没有积极的促进健康活动，但确实避免了有风险的健康行为。6%的样本属于饮酒聚类，15%属于吸烟聚类，2%的人具有以大量饮酒和吸烟为特征的享乐主义生活方式。这些生活方式聚类可以通过人口统计学和社会经济因素来表征。
这项研究表明，在美国成年人的人群样本中识别出数量有限的健康生活方式是可能的。了解过去、现在和不断变化的健康生活方式可能为健康行为研究提供见解，并为制定和针对可能影响多因素慢性病的公共卫生项目提供信息。
