Hattis D, Silver K
Center for Technology, Environment, and Development, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610.
Risk Anal. 1994 Aug;14(4):421-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1994.tb00260.x.
For noncancer effects, the degree of human interindividual variability plays a central role in determining the risk that can be expected at low exposures. This discussion reviews available data on observations of interindividual variability in (a) breathing rates, based on observations in British coal miners; (b) systemic pharmacokinetic parameters, based on studies of a number of drugs; (c) susceptibility to neurological effects from fetal exposure to methyl mercury, based on observations of the incidence of effects in relation to hair mercury levels; and (d) chronic lung function changes in relation to long-term exposure to cigarette smoke. The quantitative ranges of predictions that follow from uncertainties in estimates of interindividual variability in susceptibility are illustrated.
对于非癌症效应，人类个体间变异性的程度在确定低暴露水平下可能预期的风险方面起着核心作用。本讨论回顾了以下方面个体间变异性观察的现有数据：(a) 基于对英国煤矿工人的观察得出的呼吸频率；(b) 基于多种药物研究得出的全身药代动力学参数；(c) 基于与头发汞含量相关的效应发生率观察得出的胎儿接触甲基汞后对神经效应的易感性；以及 (d) 与长期接触香烟烟雾相关的慢性肺功能变化。说明了由于易感性个体间变异性估计的不确定性而产生的预测定量范围。
