The effects of a 3-day increase of ambient temperature on body temperature and REM sleep in an animal model of depression.

This study examined the effects of elevated ambient temperature (Ta) on body temperature (Tb) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in depressed and control rats. Previous studies have shown that elevations of Ta to the rat's thermoneutral zone of 29 degrees C produced an increase of REM sleep in control rats. In this study, 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats, seven saline control rats (SAL) and eight rats that were classified as depressed according to the chlorimipramine model of depression (CLI rats), were implanted for continuous Tb and polysomnographic recording and were exposed to two Ta's, 22 degrees C and 29 degrees C. CLI and SAL rats had significantly more REM sleep and a lower body temperature at 29 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. At 22 degrees C, CLI rats had significantly more REM sleep during the light period and a higher Tb in the light and dark periods than SAL control rats. At 29 degrees C, there were no significant differences in REM sleep or in Tb between CLI and SAL rats. Because human endogenous depression is associated with abnormal REM sleep and an elevated nocturnal Tb, these results give further support for the validity of the CLI model of depression and provide insight into the relationships among Tb, Ta, REM sleep and depression.