Novotný Z
Klinika Nemocí z Povolání, 3. Lékarské Fakulty, Univerzity Karlovy, Praha.
Sb Lek. 1993;94(3):257-62.
The author investigated 21 professional divers who had worked in overpressure conditions for many years. Main abnormalities were found in the vestibular system, especially in the caloric and optokinetic tests; the changes appeared in 61.9% of the sample. Asymmetry and dysrhythmia of evoked nystagmic responses were ascertained in these cases. The results of the auditory and tympanometry tests were normal in most examined persons. The acoustic reflex threshold increased in 38.1%. The lower ventilatory function of the eustachian tube was found only in one case but the audiometrical test was normal. From the ethiopathogenetic point of view the frequent and intense changes of pressure, temperature and posture may cause vegetative dysregulation with the following vascular deviations in the peripheral and central vestibular apparatus and in the brain stem. The adaptive mechanisms also modify the nystagmic reactions: thus they participate in the vestibular abnormalities.
作者对21名多年来在高压环境下工作的职业潜水员进行了调查。主要异常发现于前庭系统，尤其是在冷热试验和视动试验中；61.9%的样本出现了这些变化。在这些病例中确定了诱发性眼球震颤反应的不对称和节律不齐。大多数受检者的听觉和鼓室测量测试结果正常。38.1%的人听反射阈值升高。仅在1例中发现咽鼓管通气功能较低，但听力测试正常。从病因学角度来看，压力、温度和姿势的频繁剧烈变化可能导致植物神经调节紊乱，进而在外周和中枢前庭器官以及脑干出现血管异常。适应性机制也会改变眼球震颤反应：因此它们参与了前庭异常的发生。
