Reuss J
Medizinische Klinik des Kreiskrankenhauses Böblingen.
Ultraschall Med. 1994 Aug;15(4):163-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1003958.
Renal cell carcinomas used to have a poor prognosis due to the absence of early symptoms. The advent of ultrasound examination increased the rate of incidentally detected renal cell carcinomas from 10% to more than 50%. Incidental carcinomas are smaller than symptomatic ones, have a lower T-stage and lower grading, and patients are 8 years younger on average. This leads to a better prognosis of incidental renal cell carcinomas with an average survival rate of up to 90% after 1 and 5 years. In early detection of renal cancer ultrasound is more effective than urography. Screening by ultrasound is too expensive. The incidence of small renal cell carcinomas with a diameter up to 3 cm is increasing. These tumours are often hyperechoic and can be differentiated from angiomyolipomas by a characteristic anechoic rim.
由于缺乏早期症状，肾细胞癌过去预后较差。超声检查的出现使偶然发现的肾细胞癌比例从10%提高到了50%以上。偶然发现的癌肿比有症状的癌肿小，T分期和分级较低，患者平均年龄小8岁。这使得偶然发现的肾细胞癌预后更好，1年和5年后的平均生存率高达90%。在肾癌的早期检测中，超声比尿路造影更有效。超声筛查成本过高。直径达3 cm的小肾细胞癌发病率正在上升。这些肿瘤通常为高回声，可通过特征性的无回声边缘与血管平滑肌脂肪瘤相鉴别。
