Kemper C, Gibbs P, Obendorf D, Marvanek S, Lenghaus C
South Australian Museum, Adelaide.
Sci Total Environ. 1994 Sep 16;154(2-3):129-39. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90083-3.
Study of toxic contaminants in marine mammal specimens collected around Australia is currently uncoordinated and piecemeal. Most states collect samples but there is little or no financial support for their analysis. This study combines data, published or unpublished, from 13 sources. Heavy metals have been analysed in about 676 specimens; over 400 were for mercury levels in P. macrocephalus taken at a whaling station. The remaining samples were mostly from toothed whales, a few baleen whales (< 20), pinnipeds (41) and dugongs (49). The most consistently analysed metals were lead, mercury and cadmium. Liver and kidney lead levels ranged from < 1-3 ppm; levels in bone were 0-418 ppm, with most less than 10 ppm. Mercury levels in a large sample of P. macrocephalus muscle were < 12.2 ppm. Mercury levels in the small number of samples from other species were 0.51-143 ppm (kidney), 1.52-479 ppm (liver) and < 0.1-36 ppm (muscle). Cadmium levels in liver (0-52 ppm) and kidney (0-106 ppm) were extremely variable. Levels greater than 10 ppm were recorded in many species and were especially high in Hydrurga leptonyx, Dugong dugon, Mesoplodon layardii and Pseudorca crassidens. Adult Tursiops truncatus inhabiting the inshore gulfs of South Australia had considerably higher levels of cadmium compared with other regions. Information on organochlorine levels is sparse (approximately 39 specimens) and suggest low levels when compared to other parts of the world. Total DDT was highest (28.4 ppm) in a neonatal Orcinus orca. Some high levels of DDT were recorded in Tursiops truncatus, Delphinus delphis and Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus. PCBs ranged from < 0.05 to 3.87 ppm. A comprehensive pathological assessment of marine mammals is needed in order to evaluate the effects of toxic contaminants.
目前，对在澳大利亚周边采集的海洋哺乳动物标本中的有毒污染物研究缺乏协调且零零散散。大多数州都采集了样本，但对样本分析几乎没有或完全没有资金支持。本研究整合了来自13个来源已发表或未发表的数据。已对约676个标本中的重金属进行了分析；其中400多个是在一个捕鲸站采集的巨头鲸体内的汞含量。其余样本大多来自齿鲸，少数来自须鲸（不到20个）、鳍足类动物（41个）和儒艮（49个）。分析最为一致的金属是铅、汞和镉。肝脏和肾脏中的铅含量范围为<1 - 3 ppm；骨骼中的含量为0 - 418 ppm，大多数低于10 ppm。大量巨头鲸肌肉样本中的汞含量<12.2 ppm。其他物种少量样本中的汞含量为0.51 - 143 ppm（肾脏）、1.52 - 479 ppm（肝脏）和<0.1 - 36 ppm（肌肉）。肝脏（0 - 52 ppm）和肾脏（0 - 106 ppm）中的镉含量变化极大。许多物种中都记录到含量超过10 ppm的情况，在南极毛皮海狮、儒艮、莱氏中喙鲸和伪虎鲸体内尤其高。栖息在南澳大利亚近岸海湾的成年宽吻海豚体内的镉含量相比其他地区要高得多。关于有机氯含量的信息很少（约39个标本），与世界其他地区相比含量较低。新生虎鲸体内的总滴滴涕含量最高（28.4 ppm）。在宽吻海豚、真海豚和南美海狗中记录到了一些高滴滴涕含量情况。多氯联苯含量范围为<0.05至3.87 ppm。需要对海洋哺乳动物进行全面的病理学评估，以评估有毒污染物的影响。
