Kita H, Marmarou A
Division of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond.
Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 1994;60:452-5. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9334-1_124.
The major component of acute brain swelling was determined using a new closed head injury (CHI) model in rats. Twenty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups (Sham, CHI, CHI combined with hypotension and CHI combined with hypoxia and hypotension). Hypoxia (pO2 of 40 mmHg) and hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure of 30 to 40 mmHg) were induced immediately after head injury and were maintained for 30 minutes. These experiments were terminated at two hours after CHI by transcalvarial freezing with liquid nitrogen. Blood pressure, intracranial pressure (ICP) and physiological parameters were monitored. Regional cerebral blood volume and water content were measured quantitatively. Rats with CHI, and with CHI and hypotension, had mild increase in ICP. Otherwise, rats with CHI, hypoxia and hypotension showed a significant increase in ICP (36.2 +/- 5.6 mmHg). Water content showed an increase of 1.6% in the estimated total brain and 2.4% in the cerebral cortex in those rats. Cerebral blood volume decreased by 61.4% in the total brain and 57.3% in the cortex. There was a reduction in the cerebral hematocrit of 2.4% in the total brain and 4.7% in the cortex. The main component of brain swelling in this head injury model was brain edema. Cerebral blood volume and hematocrit were reduced in the remarkable edematous brain.
利用一种新的大鼠闭合性颅脑损伤（CHI）模型确定急性脑肿胀的主要成分。将27只Sprague-Dawley大鼠分为四组（假手术组、CHI组、CHI合并低血压组和CHI合并缺氧及低血压组）。颅脑损伤后立即诱导缺氧（动脉血氧分压为40 mmHg）和低血压（平均动脉血压为30至40 mmHg），并维持30分钟。这些实验在CHI后两小时通过液氮经颅骨冷冻终止。监测血压、颅内压（ICP）和生理参数。定量测量局部脑血容量和含水量。CHI组以及CHI合并低血压组的大鼠ICP轻度升高。否则，CHI合并缺氧及低血压组的大鼠ICP显著升高（36.2±5.6 mmHg）。这些大鼠估计全脑含水量增加1.6%，大脑皮层含水量增加2.4%。全脑脑血容量减少61.4%，皮层减少57.3%。全脑脑血细胞比容降低2.4%，皮层降低4.7%。该颅脑损伤模型中脑肿胀的主要成分是脑水肿。在明显水肿的大脑中，脑血容量和血细胞比容降低。
