McGlynn F D, Rose M P, Lazarte A
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, AL 36849-5214.
Behav Modif. 1994 Oct;18(4):371-88. doi: 10.1177/01454455940184001.
Heart beats, skin conductance, and subjective fear levels were recorded among eight pairs of DSM-III-R spider-phobic subjects (Experiment 1) and among eight pairs of DSM-III-R cockroach-phobic subjects (Experiment 2) who were exposed simultaneously to an approaching specimen during eight 4-minute trials. Control over the approach of the specimen alternated between subjects over trials. On different trials, both subjects were instructed either to attend closely to the features of the specimen or to attend closely to their bodily fear reactions. Among spider-phobic subjects (Experiment 1), Self-Control over the specimen produced higher skin conductance during exposure than did Partner-Control over the specimen; instructions to attend closely to the features of the specimen produced higher skin-conductance than did instructions to attend closely to one's bodily fear reactions. Among cockroach-phobic subjects (Experiment 2), Self-Control over the specimen produced higher skin conductance and higher self-reported fear than did Partner-Control over the specimen during the early exposures. Instructions to attend closely to the specimen produced higher skin conductance and higher self-reported fear throughout the experiment and higher heart rates early during the experiment than did instructions to attend to one's bodily reactions. Empirical generalizations based on these data are intended as contributions toward a fund of experimental information that, in due course, will be used to conceptualize the means by which exposure to feared stimuli leads to fear reduction.
在八项4分钟的试验中，同时让八对符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册第三版修订版》（DSM-III-R）标准的蜘蛛恐惧症患者（实验1）和八对符合该标准的蟑螂恐惧症患者（实验2）接触逐渐靠近的标本，记录他们的心跳、皮肤电传导和主观恐惧水平。在各次试验中，标本靠近的控制权在受试者之间交替。在不同的试验中，对两名受试者的指示分别是密切关注标本的特征或密切关注自身身体的恐惧反应。在蜘蛛恐惧症患者中（实验1），对标本的自我控制在暴露期间比伙伴控制产生更高的皮肤电传导；指示密切关注标本的特征比指示密切关注自身身体的恐惧反应产生更高的皮肤电传导。在蟑螂恐惧症患者中（实验2），在早期暴露期间，对标本的自我控制比伙伴控制产生更高的皮肤电传导和更高的自我报告恐惧。在整个实验过程中，指示密切关注标本比指示关注自身身体反应产生更高的皮肤电传导和更高的自我报告恐惧，并且在实验早期产生更高的心率。基于这些数据的实证概括旨在为一系列实验信息做出贡献，这些信息最终将用于概念化接触恐惧刺激导致恐惧减轻的方式。
