Okabe T, Yamashita T, Nakajima H, Berglund A, Zhao L, Guo I, Ferracane J L
Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75266-0677.
J Dent Res. 1994 Nov;73(11):1711-6. doi: 10.1177/00220345940730110601.
For the past ten years, the amounts of mercury vapor released from dental amalgams and the possibility of side-effects caused by these amounts have been discussed. Although no adverse health effects have been substantiated from these minute amounts, besides rare cases of allergies, this release should be reduced. The aim of this study was to reduce the mercury evaporation from a high-copper amalgam during setting by triturating the alloy powder with binary Hg-In liquid alloys having various indium concentrations set at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt%. Specimens (n = 4) were made for each amalgam according to ANSI/ADA Specification #1 and placed into a measuring chamber kept at 36.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C, through which a continuous air flow of 0.75 L/min was pumped. The total mercury release was measured during the setting period, according to the method described by Ferracane et al. (1992). Four additional specimens were prepared from a modified 14% Indisperse amalgam powder for the purpose of comparison. The results showed that the release of mercury vapor decreased with increasing indium concentrations, and that the amalgams made with the Hg-In liquid alloy with 10% In or more released significantly less mercury than the modified 14% Indisperse. The method of mixing indium in mercury prior to trituration appeared to be another effective method for reducing mercury evaporation during setting. The reduced mercury release may be explained by a reduction of mercury concentration in the structure, a reduction of vapor pressure for the mercury in the matrix phases, or more efficient formation of a surface oxide layer.
在过去十年里，人们一直在讨论牙科汞合金释放的汞蒸气量以及这些量所导致的副作用可能性。尽管除了罕见的过敏情况外，尚未证实这些微量汞对健康有不良影响，但仍应减少这种释放。本研究的目的是通过将合金粉末与铟浓度分别设定为0、5、10、20、30、40和50 wt%的二元汞 - 铟液态合金进行研磨，来减少高铜汞合金在凝固过程中的汞蒸发。根据ANSI/ADA规范#1为每种汞合金制备样本（n = 4），并将其放入保持在36.5 +/- 0.5摄氏度的测量室中，以0.75 L/分钟的连续气流泵送空气通过该测量室。根据Ferracane等人（1992年）描述的方法，在凝固期间测量总汞释放量。为了进行比较，从改良的14% Indisperse汞合金粉末制备了另外四个样本。结果表明，汞蒸气的释放随着铟浓度的增加而减少，并且用含10%或更多铟的汞 - 铟液态合金制成的汞合金释放的汞明显少于改良的14% Indisperse汞合金。在研磨前将铟混入汞中的方法似乎是另一种减少凝固过程中汞蒸发的有效方法。汞释放量的减少可能是由于结构中汞浓度的降低、基体相中汞的蒸气压降低或表面氧化层形成更有效所致。
