Chope M, Metz-Lutz M N, Wioland N, Rumbach L, Kurtz D
Service d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, France.
Neurophysiol Clin. 1994 Sep;24(4):275-300. doi: 10.1016/s0987-7053(05)80434-4.
The contribution of cognitive event-related potentials (ERPs) and particularly of the N400 component to the study of language processing is considered. After a general presentation of the various components of cognitive evoked potentials which are differentiated from early potentials (sensitive to perceptive parameters), the neurophysiological and psychological correlates of ERPs are discussed. Before the presentation of the main studies concerned with the correlation between specific late components and linguistic processes, it is proposed an introduction to some theoretical models of language processing which serve as conceptual framework supporting most of the experimental approaches in this field. The results of EPs studies devoted to functional asymetries in language processing are briefly mentioned. Then a number of studies are analysed, these demonstrate the sensitivity of event-related potential measures to linguistic manipulations. Finally, the studies concerned with the N400 are reviewed, this potential appears to be the more specifically language-related ERP component, even if its connection with specific linguistic processes or its differentiation from N200 are still under debate. Nevertheless language-related electrophysiological investigations may become in the near future a useful complementary approach to our understanding of language processing and language disorders.
本文探讨了认知事件相关电位（ERP），尤其是N400成分在语言加工研究中的作用。在对与早期电位（对感知参数敏感）相区分的认知诱发电位的各个成分进行总体介绍之后，讨论了ERP的神经生理学和心理学相关因素。在介绍与特定晚期成分和语言过程之间的相关性有关的主要研究之前，先对一些语言加工的理论模型进行了介绍，这些模型作为概念框架支持了该领域的大多数实验方法。简要提及了致力于语言加工功能不对称性的诱发电位研究结果。然后分析了一些研究，这些研究证明了事件相关电位测量对语言操作的敏感性。最后，对与N400有关的研究进行了综述，即使其与特定语言过程的联系或与N200的区分仍在争论中，但这种电位似乎是与语言更具体相关的ERP成分。尽管如此，与语言相关的电生理研究在不久的将来可能会成为我们理解语言加工和语言障碍的一种有用的补充方法。
