Orlowski J P
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, University Community Hospital, Tampa, Florida.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1994 Dec;41(6):1183-99. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)38868-x.
Difficulties and delays in establishing intravenous access are not uncommon in emergency situations in pediatrics. Alternatives to venous cannulation exist, including intraosseous access, intratracheal drug administration, sublingual and intralingual injection, the intrapenile route, and intracardiac injection. Each of these emergency alternatives to intravenous access is discussed from the historical, technical, utilitarian, and risk-benefit aspects. It is concluded that the intraosseous effective alternative to intravenous access in emergency situations.
在儿科急诊情况下，建立静脉通路存在困难和延迟的情况并不罕见。静脉插管的替代方法是存在的，包括骨内通路、气管内给药、舌下和舌内注射、阴茎内途径以及心内注射。本文从历史、技术、实用性和风险效益等方面对这些静脉通路的紧急替代方法逐一进行了讨论。得出的结论是，在紧急情况下，骨内通路是静脉通路的有效替代方法。
