Deatrick J A, Fischer D K
School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1994 Sep;21(8 Suppl):35-40.
To describe a typical day for nurses who work with patients with cancer.
Multi-institutional, descriptive, qualitative.
Six sites in different regions of the United States; rural and urban cancer and noncancer centers.
38 oncology nurses (mean age = 35 years; average time in nursing = 10 years; and in oncology = 7 years; 47% bachelor of science in nursing, 29% diploma, 13% associate degree in nursing, and 11% master's prepared.
Phenomenological; content analysis of interviews.
There is no typical day for oncology nurses. As such, the atypical becomes typical. This dialectic influenced how the nurses organized and managed their work. Management became a paradox or a juggling act--an attempt to control the uncontrollable, to manage the unmanageable. Time was a central metaphor used in the descriptions. The amount of time available influenced nurses' abilities to perform a certain quality and quantity of work. Demands on time, whether legitimate or illegitimate, were the context for the day-to-day work.
It is necessary to recognize the value that nurses continually place on participation in patients' daily care, the unpredictability inherent in cancer and patient care, and the organizational routines that nurses use to accomplish their work.
描述与癌症患者共事的护士的典型一天。
多机构、描述性、定性研究。
美国不同地区的六个地点；农村和城市的癌症及非癌症中心。
38名肿瘤护士（平均年龄 = 35岁；平均护理工作年限 = 10年；肿瘤护理工作年限 = 7年；47%拥有护理学理学学士学位，29%为文凭护士，13%拥有护理学副学士学位，11%为硕士学历）。
现象学研究；访谈内容分析。
肿瘤护士没有典型的一天。因此，非典型情况反而成了典型。这种辩证关系影响了护士组织和管理工作的方式。管理变成了一种悖论或一种杂耍行为——试图控制无法控制的事情，管理难以管理的事情。时间是描述中使用的核心隐喻。可用时间的多少影响护士完成一定质量和数量工作的能力。对时间的要求，无论合理与否，都是日常工作的背景。
有必要认识到护士持续重视参与患者日常护理的价值、癌症及患者护理中固有的不可预测性，以及护士用于完成工作的组织常规。
