Ehlers W, Plassmann R
Center for Psychotherapy Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
Psychother Psychosom. 1994;62(1-2):69-77. doi: 10.1159/000288906.
A quantitative taxonomy for the identification of patients with narcissistic pathology and with borderline personality disorders based on test results is presented. The quantitative identification of these subgroups was produced using a Q-factor analysis. Based on the correlation of the subjects by means of the 241 questions from the narcissistic inventory of Deneke and Müller [27], three subgroups could be defined. Two of these groups exhibited a pathology of the self-system which corresponded to the pathology described by Kernberg [24] for narcissistic and borderline personality disorders. The third group is characterized by reduced observable self-pathology traits from the narcissistic inventory. By means of the reclassification of these three taxonomical groups with the discriminant analysis, two discriminant functions could be calculated, using the weighting of the single test scales for a classification of new patients. These classification functions were used to examine 18 patients suffering from factitious disorders. The evaluation of test profiles with the reduced narcissistic inventory of Deneke and Müller [11] in order to identify the three taxonomical groups showed that 9 patients (50%) had a borderline personality disorder and 6 patients (33%) a narcissistic personality disorder, while 3 patients (17%) could be assigned to the subgroup without self-pathology. In summary, 83% of the examined patients with factitious disorders exhibited a disorder in self-regulation. The previous clinical observations of self-regulation for patients with factitious disorders could thus be confirmed. It becomes clear that different high levels of disorder in self-regulation (position in the sphere of the discriminant function) correspond to varying degrees of prognostic significance.
本文提出了一种基于测试结果识别自恋型病理患者和边缘型人格障碍患者的定量分类法。这些亚组的定量识别是通过Q因子分析得出的。根据Deneke和Müller自恋量表中241个问题对受试者进行相关性分析，可定义出三个亚组。其中两组表现出自我系统的病理特征，与Kernberg所描述的自恋型和边缘型人格障碍的病理特征相符。第三组的特征是自恋量表中可观察到的自我病理特征减少。通过判别分析对这三个分类组进行重新分类，可以计算出两个判别函数，利用单个测试量表的权重对新患者进行分类。这些分类函数用于检查18例做作性障碍患者。使用Deneke和Müller简化的自恋量表评估测试概况以识别这三个分类组，结果显示9例患者（50%）患有边缘型人格障碍，6例患者（33%）患有自恋型人格障碍，而3例患者（17%）可归为无自我病理的亚组。总之，83%的受检做作性障碍患者表现出自我调节障碍。因此，先前对做作性障碍患者自我调节的临床观察得到了证实。很明显，自我调节方面不同程度的高度紊乱（在判别函数范围内的位置）对应着不同程度的预后意义。
