Crews K M, Johnson L, Nichols M
Dept. of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Dentistry, Jackson.
Compendium. 1994 Sep;15(9):1142, 1144, 1146 passim; quiz 1156.
Smoking and smokeless tobacco can cause significant damage to the oral cavity, including life-threatening cancers. Consequently, dentists and their office staffs should and can play an influential role in advising their patients to quit using tobacco. The National Cancer Institute has developed the "Four A's" approach to tobacco-cessation counseling: (1) ask about tobacco use; (2) advise to quit; (3) assist with quitting; and (4) arrange for follow-up. With minimal expenditures of treatment time, the dentist and office staff can encourage patients to quit using tobacco through nonconfrontational messages that point out the clinical damage caused by smoking and smokeless tobacco. Besides behavior modification, dentists can prescribe several Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmaceutical agents as adjuncts to a tobacco-cessation program. Nicotine polacrilex (gum) and nicotine transdermal systems have proven very useful in helping tobacco users quit their habit.
吸烟和无烟烟草会对口腔造成严重损害，包括危及生命的癌症。因此，牙医及其办公室工作人员应该且能够在建议患者戒烟方面发挥重要作用。美国国家癌症研究所制定了“四A”戒烟咨询方法：（1）询问烟草使用情况；（2）建议戒烟；（3）协助戒烟；（4）安排随访。牙医和办公室工作人员只需花费最少的治疗时间，就能通过指出吸烟和无烟烟草造成的临床损害的非对抗性信息，鼓励患者戒烟。除了行为改变外，牙医还可以开几种美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物作为戒烟计划的辅助手段。尼古丁咀嚼胶和尼古丁透皮系统已被证明在帮助烟草使用者戒烟方面非常有用。
