Griffith B P, Booss J
Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
Neurol Clin. 1994 Aug;12(3):541-64.
This article concentrates primarily on infections of viral origin, although numerous microorganisms can infect the fetal and newborn brain (see Tables 1 and 2). Intrauterine infections occur most often for HIV, CMV and rubella, whereas HSV is preferentially transmitted intrapartum. In the last decade, changes in the epidemiology of some of the neonatal infections have occurred largely because of the AIDS epidemic. Indeed, pediatric HIV is now the second most frequent viral infection of the newborn (see Table 1) and congenital syphilis has reemerged. Surprisingly, the AIDS epidemic appears to have had minimum impact on infections with other organisms such as Toxoplasma and CMV that commonly infect the brain of adults with AIDS. The recent availability of improved viral diagnostic methods and anti-viral drugs has aided in the identification and treatment of infected newborns.
本文主要关注病毒源性感染，尽管许多微生物可感染胎儿和新生儿大脑（见表1和表2）。宫内感染最常见于艾滋病毒、巨细胞病毒和风疹，而单纯疱疹病毒则主要在分娩期间传播。在过去十年中，一些新生儿感染的流行病学发生了变化，这主要是由于艾滋病流行所致。事实上，儿童艾滋病毒现在是新生儿中第二常见的病毒感染（见表1），先天性梅毒也再度出现。令人惊讶的是，艾滋病流行似乎对其他微生物感染的影响最小，如弓形虫和巨细胞病毒，这些微生物通常感染患有艾滋病的成年人的大脑。最近改进的病毒诊断方法和抗病毒药物的出现，有助于对受感染新生儿的识别和治疗。
