Bahri T
Faculty of Education, Department of Psychology, UAE University.
Percept Mot Skills. 1994 Aug;79(1 Pt 1):83-92. doi: 10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.83.
Factors controlling sustained visual orienting were investigated by combining the paradigms of covert orienting and vigilance. Analysis suggests a close relationship between orienting of attention and vigilance which is dependent on the event rate during the vigilance task. At a low event rate both facilitatory and inhibitory effects of orienting are found. Vigilance decrement is related to the accumulation of inhibition over time, supporting Posner, et als 1984 theory. Invalid cues reduce the decrement. At a high event rate, however, neither facilitation nor inhibition effects are reliable, and vigilance decrement is related to limitations of the allocation of attentional capacity, supporting Parasuraman's multifactorial theory. The results suggest that facilitation and inhibition caused by orienting are important opposing mechanisms in visual attention, allowing the nervous system to control the distribution of attention both over visual space and over time.
通过结合隐蔽定向和警觉范式，对控制持续视觉定向的因素进行了研究。分析表明，注意力定向与警觉之间存在密切关系，这取决于警觉任务期间的事件发生率。在低事件发生率时，发现了定向的促进和抑制作用。警觉性下降与抑制随时间的积累有关，这支持了波斯纳等人1984年的理论。无效线索减少了下降。然而，在高事件发生率时，促进和抑制作用都不可靠，警觉性下降与注意力分配能力的限制有关，这支持了帕拉苏拉曼的多因素理论。结果表明，由定向引起的促进和抑制是视觉注意中重要的对立机制，使神经系统能够控制注意力在视觉空间和时间上的分布。
