Beitchman J H, Brownlie E B, Inglis A, Wild J, Mathews R, Schachter D, Kroll R, Martin S, Ferguson B, Lancee W
Child and Family Studies Centre, Toronto, Canada.
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994 Nov-Dec;33(9):1322-30. doi: 10.1097/00004583-199411000-00015.
This study examined the 7-year outcome of speech/language (S/L) impaired and control children selected from a community sample at age 5 years.
Two hundred fifteen children completed a variety of speech and language tests at age 12 years. Children with S/L impairment were further classified as "speech only," "language only," or "speech and language impaired."
More than 72% of children who had S/L impairment at age 5 remained impaired at age 12. Children with both speech and language problems were most likely to remain S/L impaired; 81% had some kind of S/L impairment at follow-up. Similarly, children with both expressive and receptive language impairment were more likely to show expressive or receptive impairment at follow-up than children with expressive impairment alone. One third of time 1 controls had S/L problems at follow-up, and of these 82% had speech impairment only.
S/L impairment identified at age 5 has long-lasting effects. More pervasive problems were associated with poorer outcomes. Screening at age 5 may be useful, as most serious S/L problems that emerged by middle childhood could be identified at age 5. The effects of S/L treatment require further study.
本研究调查了从5岁社区样本中选取的言语/语言（S/L）受损儿童和对照儿童的7年随访结果。
215名儿童在12岁时完成了各种言语和语言测试。S/L受损儿童进一步分为“仅言语受损”、“仅语言受损”或“言语和语言均受损”。
5岁时存在S/L受损的儿童中，超过72%在12岁时仍有受损情况。言语和语言均有问题的儿童最有可能持续存在S/L受损；81%在随访时有某种S/L受损情况。同样，与仅存在表达性语言受损的儿童相比，同时存在表达性和接受性语言受损的儿童在随访时更有可能出现表达性或接受性受损情况。三分之一的1期对照儿童在随访时有S/L问题，其中82%仅存在言语受损。
5岁时确定的S/L受损具有长期影响。问题越普遍，预后越差。5岁时进行筛查可能有用，因为大多数在童年中期出现的严重S/L问题在5岁时就可以被识别出来。S/L治疗的效果需要进一步研究。
