Hortal M, Contera M, Mogdasy C, Russi J C
Central Public Health Laboratory and Maternal-Child Program, Ministry of Public Health, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 1994 Jan-Feb;36(1):51-7. doi: 10.1590/s0036-46651994000100009.
To obtain base line data on incidence, duration, clinical characteristics and etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI), 276 children from deprived families living in Montevideo were followed during 32 months. The target population was divided into two groups for the analysis of the results: children aged less than 12 months and those older than this age. During the follow-up period 1.056 ARI episodes were recorded. ARI incidence was 5.2 per child/year. It was 87% higher in infants than in the older group, as was the duration of the episodes. Most of the diseases were mild. Tachypnea and retractions were seldom observed, but 12 children were referred to the hospital, and 2 infants died. Viral etiology was identified in 15.3% of the episodes. RSV was the predominant agent producing annual outbreaks. Moderate to heavy colonization of the upper respiratory tract by Streptococcus pneumoniae (32.3%) and Hemophilus sp. (18.9%) was recorded during ARI episodes. This community-based study furnish original data on ARI in Uruguay. It enabled to assess the impact of these infections on childhood.
为获取急性呼吸道感染（ARI）的发病率、病程、临床特征及病因的基线数据，对居住在蒙得维的亚贫困家庭的276名儿童进行了为期32个月的跟踪研究。研究对象被分为两组以分析结果：12个月以下的儿童和12个月以上的儿童。在随访期间，共记录了1056次ARI发作。ARI发病率为每名儿童每年5.2次。婴儿的发病率比大龄组高87%，发作持续时间也是如此。大多数疾病为轻症。很少观察到呼吸急促和三凹征，但有12名儿童被转诊至医院，2名婴儿死亡。在15.3%的发作中确定了病毒病因。呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）是导致年度暴发的主要病原体。在ARI发作期间，记录到肺炎链球菌（32.3%）和嗜血杆菌属（18.9%）在上呼吸道的中度至重度定植。这项基于社区的研究提供了乌拉圭ARI的原始数据。它有助于评估这些感染对儿童期的影响。
