Caraher M
Queen Charlotte's College of Health and Science, Thames Valley University, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Mar;19(3):465-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01108.x.
Current political changes to the British National Health Service and the development of nursing as a profession contribute to the individualization of health. Such trends view the client as a victim of his or her behaviour and encourages a form of health promotion which focuses on the individual and ignores or decontextualizes social problems. Nursing needs to examine issues of power and control in health promotion encounters and not simply view health promotion as benign encounters. Health promotion practice needs to focus not on the development of skills as the central component but on the relationship between the nurse and the client. A simple shift in nursing from using communication skills to persuade, to using counselling skills does not evade the charge of victim blaming. Health promotion needs to place health and its influences within a context.
英国国家医疗服务体系当前的政治变革以及护理专业的发展促成了健康的个体化。这些趋势将服务对象视为其自身行为的受害者，并鼓励一种以个体为重点、忽视或脱离社会问题背景的健康促进形式。护理需要审视健康促进过程中的权力和控制问题，而不应仅仅将健康促进视为良性互动。健康促进实践不应将技能发展作为核心组成部分，而应关注护士与服务对象之间的关系。护理从使用沟通技巧进行劝说简单转变为使用咨询技巧，并不能逃避指责受害者的指控。健康促进需要将健康及其影响置于一定背景之中。
