Frieling-Sonnenberg W
Pflege. 1994 May;7(2):117-23.
This paper rests on the premises that in the health service, the nursing care of the elderly is based on an "illness" model and concerned with symptom relief. The concept of "holistic care" is a theoretical objective rather than reality in practice. It is suggested that it is realistic, in the light of experience in the care of the aged, to predict a qualitative change, a move towards an orientation for health promotion. If old people are in need of nursing care, emphasis should be placed on their life history and on the personal frame of reference from which they view the current situation. Their capabilities to use compensatory mechanisms should be stressed. The carers should be helped in the management of problem situations and their verbal and non-verbal communications should be subtly encouraged.
在医疗卫生服务中，老年人的护理基于“疾病”模式，关注症状缓解。“整体护理”的概念在实践中是理论目标而非现实情况。鉴于老年护理的经验，有人认为预测一种质的变化，即朝着促进健康的方向转变是现实可行的。如果老年人需要护理，应强调他们的生活经历以及他们看待当前状况的个人参照系。应强调他们运用代偿机制的能力。应帮助护理人员应对问题情境，并巧妙鼓励他们进行言语和非言语交流。
