Roger M, Ebrahimi-Gaillard A
Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, CNRS: URA 290, Université de Poitiers, France.
Rev Neurosci. 1994 Jan-Mar;5(1):11-26. doi: 10.1515/revneuro.1994.5.1.11.
In humans, the cerebral cortex can be affected by a variety of diseases (vascular, traumatic, neurodegenerative, etc.) and, therefore, several experimental studies have been undertaken to determine to what extent transplantation of cortical neurons could prove a useful treatment for cerebral cortical damage. The purpose of this review is to give an evaluation of the different attempts of neocortical tissue transplantation which have been undertaken, mostly in rodents, during the last decade. First, we examine the functional effects of neocortical tissue transplantation in various tasks designed to assess different aspects of behavior depending upon the localization and function of the cortical area under investigation. Second, a variety of mechanisms have been proposed by which the graft would improve host behavioral capacities. Two of these are considered in this review: trophic action on the host brain and reconstruction of cortical circuitry. Most behavioral studies in rodents seem to indicate that better synaptic integration and larger functional improvements are achieved when the embryonic neocortical tissue is transplanted into immature host neocortex, i.e. in newborn recipients. Transplantation of embryonic neocortex into an adult damaged cortex seems to provide only partial functional improvement. In adult hosts, the synaptic integration of the transplanted neurons is incomplete since, in most instances, long distance projections are not re-established. It seems, therefore, that transplantation of embryonic cortex into adult hosts would prove a useful therapeutic method only if there is a possibility of neutralizing the growth inhibitory factors of the mature host CNS.
在人类中，大脑皮层会受到多种疾病（血管性、创伤性、神经退行性等）的影响，因此，已经开展了多项实验研究，以确定皮层神经元移植在多大程度上可被证明是治疗大脑皮层损伤的有效方法。这篇综述的目的是评估过去十年中主要在啮齿动物身上进行的新皮层组织移植的不同尝试。首先，我们研究新皮层组织移植在各种旨在根据所研究皮层区域的定位和功能评估行为不同方面的任务中的功能效应。其次，已经提出了多种移植物可改善宿主行为能力的机制。本综述将探讨其中两种机制：对宿主大脑的营养作用和皮层神经回路的重建。大多数针对啮齿动物的行为研究似乎表明，当将胚胎新皮层组织移植到未成熟的宿主新皮层中，即在新生受体中时，能实现更好的突触整合和更大的功能改善。将胚胎新皮层移植到成年受损皮层中似乎仅能提供部分功能改善。在成年宿主中，移植神经元的突触整合并不完全，因为在大多数情况下，长距离投射无法重新建立。因此，只有在有可能中和成熟宿主中枢神经系统的生长抑制因子的情况下，将胚胎皮层移植到成年宿主中才可能被证明是一种有用的治疗方法。
