Gray A M, Phillips V L
Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, Wolfson College, Oxford, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1994 Apr;19(4):819-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01155.x.
Using information collected from more than 100 district health authorities in England for the year 1989-1990, this paper examines turnover rates amongst a range of nursing and other staff groups in the National Health Service (NHS), and their relationship to the age and length of service characteristics of the labour force. The evidence collected suggests that the NHS employs a significantly younger workforce than is found in the economy as a whole. The age profile of nurses is even more skewed towards younger age groups than that of non-nursing staff working in the NHS. Nurses tend on average to have longer lengths of service than non-nursing staff groups, and it would seem that the average length of service has increased over the last 20 years, certainly amongst registered nurses. Overall, the study found an annual turnover rate amongst all NHS staff of 13.6%. Turnover rates were significantly higher among full-time staff than part-time, and amongst non-nursing staff groups compared with nurses. Broadly, turnover rates decline with age then rise close to retirement. However, there is a more complex relationship between length of service and turnover: turnover rates tend to be high in the first year of service, and to remain high or even rise during the second year of service, before declining. Turnover remains a poorly understood issue in the NHS. The evidence presented here should move some aspects of debate onto a more solid empirical foundation.
本文利用从100多个英格兰地区卫生当局收集的1989 - 1990年的数据，研究了国民医疗服务体系（NHS）中一系列护理人员和其他工作人员群体的离职率，以及它们与劳动力年龄和服务年限特征之间的关系。收集到的证据表明，NHS雇佣的劳动力比整个经济领域的劳动力明显更年轻。与在NHS工作的非护理人员相比，护士的年龄分布更偏向于年轻群体。护士的平均服务年限往往比非护理人员群体更长，而且在过去20年里，平均服务年限似乎有所增加，当然注册护士群体也是如此。总体而言，该研究发现NHS所有工作人员的年离职率为13.6%。全职员工的离职率明显高于兼职员工，非护理人员群体的离职率高于护士群体。大致来说，离职率随年龄增长而下降，然后在接近退休时上升。然而，服务年限与离职率之间存在更复杂的关系：离职率在服务的第一年往往较高，在服务的第二年保持高位甚至上升，之后才下降。在NHS中，离职率仍然是一个鲜为人知的问题。这里呈现的证据应该会使辩论的某些方面建立在更坚实的实证基础上。
