Walker R I
National Vaccine Program Office, Rockville, MD 20857.
Vaccine. 1994 Apr;12(5):387-400. doi: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90112-0.
Future progress in vaccination will be significantly advanced by application of emerging technologies for immunization of mucosal surfaces. It should now be possible to maximize the antigenicity of many vaccines and facilitate their interaction with appropriate lymphoid tissues to induce protective cellular and humoral responses. Mucosal vaccines requiring no more than two doses are achievable with current technologies. Living vaccines have been among the most promising candidates for mucosal vaccination, but with few exceptions their promise is still to be realized. Development of new microencapsulated delivery systems and adjuvants has made non-living vaccines reasonable options for mucosal immunization. To be practical, such vaccines should be developed as combined agent vaccines, possibly deliverable by multiple mucosal routes. Although strategies to be used for specific mucosal vaccines will depend upon a number of factors pertinent to the disease agent, in concept an adjuvant administered with inactivated but maximally antigenic pathogens or their recombinant adhesive subcomponents could prove to be among the more practical mucosal vaccine options for use globally.
新兴技术应用于黏膜表面免疫将显著推动疫苗接种的未来进展。现在应该能够使许多疫苗的抗原性最大化，并促进它们与适当的淋巴组织相互作用，以诱导保护性细胞和体液反应。利用现有技术可以实现只需接种两剂的黏膜疫苗。活疫苗一直是黏膜疫苗接种最有前景的候选者之一，但除了少数例外，它们的前景仍有待实现。新型微囊化递送系统和佐剂的开发使非活疫苗成为黏膜免疫的合理选择。为了具有实用性，此类疫苗应开发为联合制剂疫苗，可能通过多种黏膜途径给药。尽管用于特定黏膜疫苗的策略将取决于许多与病原体相关的因素，但从概念上讲，与灭活但具有最大抗原性的病原体或其重组黏附亚组分一起使用的佐剂可能是全球更实用的黏膜疫苗选择之一。
