Middaugh D P, Genthner F J
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1994 Jul;27(1):95-102. doi: 10.1007/BF00203893.
Developing embryos of the inland silverside fish, Menidia beryllina, were exposed to conidiospores of the insect pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, that possessed activity against the migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes. Various adverse effects were observed in Menidia beryllina embryos and larvae. They included rupture of the chorion, embryo death, developmental defects (vertebral abnormalities) in the embryo or hatched larvae, and fungal infections on the mandibles of larvae. Although there was little evidence of a definitive dose-response trend based on densities of viable conidiospores, statistically significant (p < or = 0.01) responses were observed in tests in which conidiospore densities were as low as 7.1 x 10(3)/ml and as high as 1.3 x 10(6)/ml. Viable spores were required for adverse effects to occur; heat-killed spores failed to cause significant adverse effects.
将内陆银汉鱼（Menidia beryllina）的发育胚胎暴露于对迁徙蝗虫（Melanoplus sanguinipes）具有活性的昆虫病原真菌球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）的分生孢子中。在内陆银汉鱼的胚胎和幼体中观察到了各种不良影响。这些影响包括卵膜破裂、胚胎死亡、胚胎或孵化幼体的发育缺陷（脊椎异常）以及幼体下颌骨的真菌感染。尽管基于活分生孢子密度几乎没有明确的剂量反应趋势的证据，但在分生孢子密度低至7.1×10³/ml和高至1.3×10⁶/ml的试验中观察到了具有统计学意义（p≤0.01）的反应。不良影响的发生需要活孢子；热灭活的孢子未能引起显著的不良影响。
