Mouchet J, Le Pont F, Leon R, Echeverria R, Guderian R H
ORSTOM, Paris, France.
Ann Soc Belg Med Trop. 1994 Mar;74(1):35-41.
We have evaluated the impact of anthropization of the forest on the incidence of leishmaniasis, due to Leishmania panamensis, in three coastal study areas, Corriente Grande (primary forest), Paraiso Escondido and La Tablada (secondary forest). The situation of isolated dwellings, in deforested areas, has also been analysed in the last two stations. In each station, the study of the density of anthropophilic sand flies, specially Lutzomyia trapidoi, has been conducted in the domestic environment, coffee plantations and undergrowth. The incidence of leishmaniasis was nearly non existent in primary forest, though it ranged from 106 to 147% in the more or less cleared forest. At Corriente Grande, none Lu. trapidoi was caught in houses. In the undergrowth, catches were low (8% of the total). At Paraiso Escondido, Lu. trapidoi was the dominant species, with more than 83% of the catches in the undergrowth and in the coffee plantations (41 Man/hour), as well as in dwellings (10.6 M/h). At La Tablada, in the domestic environment, Lu. gomezi, was the dominant species: 2.8 M/h against 0.1 M/h for Lu. trapidoi. In the coffee plantations and in the undergrowth Lu. trapidoi was the main species, 21 M/h and 14 M/h. Thus in the primary rainforest, leishmaniasis transmission can be very low. In disturbed forest, coffee plantations near houses are good biotopes for Lu. trapidoi. The cycle of L. panamensis has been adapted to this new ecological situation, by being closer to the houses. The reservoirs live and circulate throughout coffee plantations. In deforested areas, neither aggressive sand flies have been observed, nor leishmaniasis transmission.
我们评估了森林人类活动化对巴拿马利什曼原虫所致利什曼病发病率的影响，研究区域为三个沿海地区，即科连特格兰德（原始森林）、埃斯孔迪多天堂和拉塔布拉达（次生森林）。在最后两个站点还分析了森林砍伐地区孤立住宅的情况。在每个站点，都对嗜人白蛉，特别是特拉氏白蛉在家庭环境、咖啡种植园和林下植被中的密度进行了研究。利什曼病的发病率在原始森林中几乎不存在，而在或多或少被砍伐的森林中发病率在106%至147%之间。在科连特格兰德，房屋中未捕获到特拉氏白蛉。在林下植被中捕获量较低（占总量的8%）。在埃斯孔迪多天堂，特拉氏白蛉是优势种，在林下植被和咖啡种植园中捕获量超过83%（每小时捕获41只），在住宅中也有捕获（每小时捕获10.6只）。在拉塔布拉达，在家庭环境中，戈氏白蛉是优势种：每小时捕获2.8只，而特拉氏白蛉每小时捕获0.1只。在咖啡种植园和林下植被中，特拉氏白蛉是主要物种，每小时捕获21只和14只。因此，在原始雨林中，利什曼病传播可能非常低。在受干扰的森林中，房屋附近的咖啡种植园是特拉氏白蛉的良好栖息地。巴拿马利什曼原虫的传播周期已适应了这种新的生态状况，通过更靠近房屋来实现。储存宿主在整个咖啡种植园中生存和传播。在森林砍伐地区，既未观察到具有攻击性的白蛉，也未观察到利什曼病传播。
