Asch D A, Baron J, Hershey J C, Kunreuther H, Meszaros J, Ritov I, Spranca M
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences.
Med Decis Making. 1994 Apr-Jun;14(2):118-23. doi: 10.1177/0272989X9401400204.
Several laboratory studies have suggested that many people favor potentially harmful omissions over less harmful acts. The authors studied the role of this omission bias in parents' decisions whether to vaccinate their children against pertussis.
Two hundred mail surveys were sent to subscribers to a magazine that had published articles favoring and opposing pertussis vaccination. Subjects were asked about their beliefs about the vaccine and the disease, and whether they had vaccinated their own children or planned to, and they were given test items to identify omission bias in their reasoning.
One hundred and three subjects (52%) responded to the survey. Respondents who reported they did not or would not allow their children to be vaccinated (n = 43; 41%) were more likely to believe that vaccinating was more dangerous than not vaccinating (p < 0.001). They were also more likely to exhibit omission bias (p = 0.004), holding constant their stated beliefs about the danger of the vaccine.
Omission bias plays a role in decisions not to vaccinate with pertussis vaccine, beyond the role played by belief about the risk of vaccination.
多项实验室研究表明，许多人更倾向于潜在有害的不作为，而非危害较小的行为。作者研究了这种不作为偏误在父母决定是否为孩子接种百日咳疫苗时所起的作用。
向一本曾发表过支持和反对百日咳疫苗接种文章的杂志的订阅者发送了200份邮件调查问卷。询问受试者对疫苗和该疾病的看法，以及他们是否已为自己的孩子接种疫苗或计划接种，还给出测试项目以识别其推理过程中的不作为偏误。
103名受试者（52%）回复了调查。报告自己未或不会让孩子接种疫苗的受访者（n = 43；41%）更有可能认为接种疫苗比不接种更危险（p < 0.001）。在对疫苗危险性的既定看法保持不变的情况下，他们也更有可能表现出不作为偏误（p = 0.004）。
除了对接种风险的看法所起的作用外，不作为偏误在决定不接种百日咳疫苗中也起到了作用。
