Carlsen K H
Norges Idrettshøyskole og Voksentoppen Senter for Astma, Allergi og Kroniske lungesykdommer, Universitetsklinikk, Oslo.
Nord Med. 1994;109(1):16-8.
Elite athletics, particularly endurance sports, are characterised by a high prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Findings in several studies suggest short-term high intensity physical activity to cause a transient increase in BHR. Recent studies in Oslo have shown that regular physical endurance training over several years, particularly when combined with such climatic factors as low air temperatures, may result in an increased risk of BHR and EIA among elite athletes--e.g., cross-country skiers. Inhalation beta 2-agonists and steroids have been used by many athletes in endurance sports, particularly skiers. Athletes with symptoms of BHR or EIA should be examined with lung function tests and exercise testing, and the effect of antiasthmatic drugs should be ascertained. Inhaled beta 2-agonists have no beneficial effect upon physical performance in nonasthmatic athletes, and may have a slight limiting effect upon physical endurance.
精英运动，尤其是耐力运动，其特点是支气管高反应性（BHR）和运动诱发哮喘（EIA）的患病率很高。多项研究结果表明，短期高强度体育活动会导致BHR短暂增加。奥斯陆最近的研究表明，多年来进行常规体育耐力训练，特别是与低温等气候因素相结合时，可能会增加精英运动员（如越野滑雪运动员）患BHR和EIA的风险。许多耐力运动项目的运动员，尤其是滑雪运动员，都使用吸入型β2激动剂和类固醇。有BHR或EIA症状的运动员应进行肺功能测试和运动测试，并确定抗哮喘药物的效果。吸入型β2激动剂对非哮喘运动员的体能没有有益影响，可能会对身体耐力产生轻微的限制作用。
