Ratusnik D L, Koenigsknecht R A
Indiana University, Bloomington.
J Commun Disord. 1975 Dec;8(4):281-97. doi: 10.1016/0021-9924(75)90029-5.
The influence of socioeconomic background, sex, and clinicians' race on the frequency of implementation of nonstandard phonological and grammatical structures was examined in 72 black preschoolers. In order to generalize findings to typical clinical settings, language samples were elicited by 3 black and 3 white clinicians using spontaneous, paragraph completion, and sentence repetition procedures. Results showed that socioeconomic status and sex had a strong effect on black children's usage of nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms. More striking, data suggested that the beginnings of a bidialectal capability were identifiable in the clinical setting in four- and five-year-old black children. Discriminant analysis detailed those nonstandard phonological and grammatical forms which contributed to dialect differences between lower and middle-socioeconomic black children.
研究人员对72名黑人学龄前儿童进行了调查，以探究社会经济背景、性别和临床医生的种族对非标准语音和语法结构使用频率的影响。为了将研究结果推广到典型的临床环境中，3名黑人临床医生和3名白人临床医生通过自发表达、段落完成和句子重复程序收集了语言样本。结果表明，社会经济地位和性别对黑人儿童使用非标准语音和语法形式有很大影响。更引人注目的是，数据表明，在临床环境中，可以识别出四五岁黑人儿童的双向方言能力的开端。判别分析详细说明了那些导致社会经济地位较低和中等的黑人儿童之间方言差异的非标准语音和语法形式。
