Miller J E, Korenman S
Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-5070.
Am J Epidemiol. 1994 Aug 1;140(3):233-43. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117242.
This study describes deficits in nutritional status among poor children in the United States using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for children born between 1979 and 1988. The prevalence of low height-for-age (stunting) and low weight-for-height (wasting) is higher among children in persistently poor families. Differentials appear greater according to long-term rather than short-term income; hence, single-year income measures do not adequately capture the effects of persistent poverty on children's nutritional status. Differences in nutritional status between poor and nonpoor children remain large even when controls for other characteristics associated with poverty, such as low maternal educational attainment, single-parent family structure, young maternal age, low maternal academic ability, and minority racial identification, are included. The excess risks of stunting and wasting among poor children are not reduced appreciably when size of the infant at birth or mother's height and weight are controlled.
本研究利用1979年至1988年间出生儿童的全国青年纵向调查数据，描述了美国贫困儿童的营养状况缺陷。在长期贫困家庭的儿童中，年龄别身高偏低（发育迟缓）和身高别体重偏低（消瘦）的患病率更高。根据长期而非短期收入来看，差异似乎更大；因此，单年收入衡量方法无法充分反映持续贫困对儿童营养状况的影响。即使纳入了与贫困相关的其他特征的对照因素，如母亲教育程度低、单亲家庭结构、母亲年龄小、母亲学术能力低以及少数族裔身份，贫困儿童与非贫困儿童在营养状况上的差异仍然很大。当控制出生时婴儿的大小或母亲的身高和体重时，贫困儿童发育迟缓和消瘦的额外风险并没有明显降低。
