Role of the capacitative calcium influx in the activation of steroidogenesis by angiotensin-II in adrenal glomerulosa cells.

Angiotensin-II (AngII)-induced Ca2+ influx in adrenal glomerulosa cells, a signal necessary for the stimulation of steroidogenesis by the hormone, is believed to involve two distinct mechanisms: 1) opening of voltage-operated Ca2+ channels, and 2) activation of a capacitative Ca2+ entry pathway that is dependent on calcium release from intracellular stores. Nicardipine, a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, has been used to investigate the role of these Ca2+ entry mechanisms in the steroidogenic response to AngII. As demonstrated with the patch-clamp technique, micromolar concentrations of nicardipine completely blocked voltage-operated Ca2+ channel activity of both T- and L-types. This agent similarly inhibited the rise of cytosolic free calcium concentration induced by potassium, but did not significantly affect the response to thapsigargin, an activator of the capacitative pathway. Nicardipine reduced by only 22% the calcium influx stimulated by AngII, and the nicardipine-insensitive part of this response was abolished after exhausting the intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin. Similarly, aldosterone secretion induced by AngII was only partially inhibited (40%) by nicardipine at concentrations that completely abolished the steroidogenic response to potassium. Thapsigargin by itself was able to stimulate aldosterone production, an action highly potentiated by physiological concentrations of extracellular potassium. These data strongly suggest that the major part of the calcium influx response to AngII, leading to aldosterone formation, involves a capacitative calcium entry pathway activated by the release of calcium from intracellular stores. This mechanism of calcium influx could be responsible for some features of aldosterone response to the hormone, such as its poor sensitivity to dihydropyridines or its potentiation by potassium.