A case of polycythemia vera occurring in a patient with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) in long-term first complete remission.

Polycythemia vera (PV) is a chronic myeloproliferative syndrome which in a minority of patients evolves into acute leukemia. The association with other hematopoietic malignancies has also been reported. The relationship between PV, leukemia, and treatment used for PV remains unclear. We here report the unusual observation of a young patient who developed the complete clinical and biological picture of PV, 6 years after being successfully treated with conventional chemotherapy for acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL).