Douglass A B, Bornstein R, Nino-Murcia G, Keenan S, Miles L, Zarcone V P, Guilleminault C, Dement W C
Ann Arbor VA Medical Center Psychiatry Service, Michigan.
Sleep. 1994 Mar;17(2):160-7. doi: 10.1093/sleep/17.2.160.
The development of the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire (SDQ) from the Sleep Questionnaire and Assessment of Wakefulness (SQAW) of Stanford University is described in detail. The extraction of the best question items from the SQAW and their subsequent rewording in the SDQ to insure greater completion rates are described. Two item test-retest reliability studies are reported on 71 controls and on 130 sleep-disorder patients, which confirmed adequate reliability. To create multivariate scoring scales, SDQ was then given in a multicenter study to 519 persons, 435 of whom were sleep-disorder patients with full polysomnography. Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis was employed, which resulted in four clinical-diagnostic scales: SA for sleep apnea, NAR for narcolepsy, PSY for psychiatric sleep disorder and PLM for periodic limb movement disorder. Each was adjusted for male and female responses and transformed to a percentile using the observed distribution of raw scores. Using Receiver Operating Characteristics analysis, cutoff points were determined for each scale to maximize its sensitivity and specificity. Positive and negative predictive values were also calculated. The SA and NAR scales proved to be the most discriminating.
详细介绍了斯坦福大学睡眠问卷与清醒状态评估（SQAW）衍生出的睡眠障碍问卷（SDQ）。阐述了从SQAW中提取最佳问题项目并在SDQ中重新措辞以确保更高完成率的过程。报告了两项关于71名对照者和130名睡眠障碍患者的项目重测信度研究，证实了足够的信度。为创建多变量评分量表，随后在一项多中心研究中对519人进行了SDQ测试，其中435人是有完整多导睡眠图的睡眠障碍患者。采用了典型判别函数分析，得出了四个临床诊断量表：用于睡眠呼吸暂停的SA、用于发作性睡病的NAR、用于精神性睡眠障碍的PSY和用于周期性肢体运动障碍的PLM。每个量表都针对男性和女性的回答进行了调整，并根据原始分数的观察分布转换为百分位数。使用受试者工作特征分析，确定了每个量表的截断点以最大化其敏感性和特异性。还计算了阳性和阴性预测值。结果证明SA和NAR量表的区分能力最强。
