Higgins D A, Calnek B W
Infect Immun. 1975 Jan;11(1):33-41. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.1.33-41.1975.
Five-week-old birds of resistant (N) and susceptible (P) genetic lines were inoculated with the JM strain of Marek's disease (MD) virus. MD occurred only in P-line birds; one-third had died by the end of the experiment (63 days after inoculation). Sera were examined for antibodies (precipitating, virus neutralizing,and fluorescing), and immunoglobulins were measured. Antibodies were associated with immunoglobulin classes by density gradient centrifugation and utilization of specific antisera to gowl immunoglobulins in indirect immunofluorescence. Precipitating antibodies were found in both lines; they first appeared 7 days after inoculation in P-line birds and 14 days after inoculation in N-line birds, but thereafter there was no difference between the two genetic lines. A peak of neutralizing antibody occurred in both lines between 6 and 12 days. Thereafter neutralizing antibodies increased gradually throughout the experiment. Neutralizing antibody levels were at this stage often higher in N-line than in P-line birds. The fluorescent antibody test showed transient immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody from 7 to 9 days in N-line birds and 5 to 12 days in P-line birds; this corresponded with the initial peak of neutralizing antibody. Antibodies were seen from 7 to 8 days after inoculation and increased gradually durin gthe experiment, generally paralleling the secondary increase in neutralizing antibodies. Ultracentrifugation confirmed the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies as described. Antibodies of the IgA class were not found. The alterations in serum immunoglobulin levels occurred in three phrases: (i) 1 to 9 days postinfection, there was an increase in IgM and IgA compared with uninfected control birds; (ii) 10 to 20 days postinfection, Ig M and IgA levels were lower than in control birds; and (iii) 21 days postinfection, until the end of experiment, IgA returned to normal levels, IgG increased to about eight times higher than in control birds, and IgM in P-line birds returned to normal levels and in N-line birds reached and maintained levels about double those of control birds. Another experiment was designed to examine the separate effects of moving and inoculation of uninfected kidney cells and virus-infected kidney cells. The changes in immunoglobulins observed in the first experiment occurred only after infection with MD virus and were not related to movement or handling stress. It was concluded that no significant primary difference exists in the humoral immune system between fowls resistant and susceptible to MD; all differences could be related to the immunosuppressive effects of MD, which are greater in susceptible birds apparently due to the greater lymphoid tissue damage in these strains.
将5周龄的抗性（N）和易感（P）遗传品系的鸡接种马立克氏病（MD）病毒的JM株。MD仅发生在P系鸡中；到实验结束时（接种后63天），三分之一的鸡已经死亡。检测血清中的抗体（沉淀抗体、病毒中和抗体和荧光抗体），并测定免疫球蛋白。通过密度梯度离心以及在间接免疫荧光中使用针对鸡免疫球蛋白的特异性抗血清，将抗体与免疫球蛋白类别相关联。在两个品系中均发现了沉淀抗体；它们在P系鸡接种后7天首次出现，在N系鸡接种后14天首次出现，但此后两个遗传品系之间没有差异。中和抗体在6至12天之间在两个品系中均出现峰值。此后，中和抗体在整个实验过程中逐渐增加。在此阶段，N系鸡的中和抗体水平通常高于P系鸡。荧光抗体试验显示，N系鸡在7至9天出现短暂的免疫球蛋白（Ig）M抗体，P系鸡在5至12天出现；这与中和抗体的初始峰值相对应。接种后7至8天可检测到抗体，并在实验过程中逐渐增加，总体上与中和抗体的二次增加平行。超速离心证实了所述IgM和IgG抗体的存在。未发现IgA类抗体。血清免疫球蛋白水平的变化分为三个阶段：（i）感染后1至9天，与未感染的对照鸡相比，IgM和IgA增加；（ii）感染后10至20天，IgM和IgA水平低于对照鸡；（iii）感染后21天，直至实验结束，IgA恢复到正常水平，IgG增加到比对照鸡高约八倍，P系鸡中的IgM恢复到正常水平，N系鸡中的IgM达到并维持在比对照鸡高约两倍的水平。设计了另一项实验来研究未感染的肾细胞以及病毒感染的肾细胞的转移和接种的单独影响。在第一个实验中观察到的免疫球蛋白变化仅在感染MD病毒后发生，与转移或处理应激无关。得出的结论是，对MD有抗性和易感的鸡在体液免疫系统中不存在显著的原发性差异；所有差异可能与MD的免疫抑制作用有关，在易感鸡中这种作用更大，显然是由于这些品系中更大的淋巴组织损伤。
