Knowler W C, Dews P B
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1975 Feb;192(2):478-88.
Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were measured in unanesthetized squirrel monkeys trained to sustain for 20 seconds a forceful downward pull on an inverted T-bar. The MABP change during the strong static contraction of skeletal muscles involved in the pull was polyphasic, consisting of a brief initial rise and fall followed by a rise to a level above resting values which was sustained. At the end of the pull, the pressure fell transiently below the resting level. HR was elevated throughout the pull, returning towards the resting value in the minute following the pull. After hexamethonium, which reduced the resting MABP from about 120 mm Hg to about 80 mm Hg, the fall in MABP following the initial rise was enhanced, the level sustained through the pull was less than the resting level, and MABP fell still lower following the end of the pull. Phentolamine caused similar changes. Hexamethonium reduced the resting HR and abolished the HR changes during pulling. Raising the MABP after hexamethonium with phenylephrine further enhanced the falls in pressure during and following the pull. It is concluded that the polyphasic MABP changes to pulling involve direct mechanical effects of contracting skeletal muscle (responsible for the initial rise and contributing to the sustained rise), sympathetic vasoconstrictor discharge (contributing to the sustained rise and opposing the falls in MABP during and after the pull) and vasodilatation in active skeletal muscle (opposing the sustained rise during the pull and causing the fall after the pull). Although the participation of these factors in cardiovascular responses to exercise are generally well recognized, comparison of the patterns of response in rhesus and squirrel monkeys reveals large quantitative differences in the contributions of different factors and emphasizes again the caution that should be exercised in inferring direct environmental, emotional or conditioning effects on cardiovascular function.
在经过训练能倒挂在T形杆上用力向下拉20秒的未麻醉松鼠猴身上测量平均动脉血压（MABP）和心率（HR）。在拉动过程中参与的骨骼肌强力静态收缩期间，MABP变化呈多相性，包括最初的短暂上升和下降，随后上升至高于静息值的水平并持续。在拉动结束时，血压短暂降至静息水平以下。在整个拉动过程中HR升高，在拉动后一分钟内恢复至静息值。给予六甲铵后，静息MABP从约120 mmHg降至约80 mmHg，最初上升后的MABP下降增强，拉动过程中维持的水平低于静息水平，并且在拉动结束后MABP进一步下降。酚妥拉明引起类似变化。六甲铵降低静息HR并消除拉动期间的HR变化。用去氧肾上腺素使六甲铵后的MABP升高进一步增强了拉动期间及拉动后的血压下降。得出的结论是，对拉动的多相MABP变化涉及收缩骨骼肌的直接机械效应（负责最初的上升并促成持续上升）、交感缩血管神经放电（促成持续上升并对抗拉动期间及拉动后MABP的下降）以及活跃骨骼肌中的血管舒张（对抗拉动期间的持续上升并导致拉动后的下降）。尽管这些因素在运动心血管反应中的参与通常已得到充分认识，但对恒河猴和松鼠猴反应模式的比较揭示了不同因素贡献的巨大定量差异，并再次强调在推断对心血管功能的直接环境、情绪或条件作用影响时应谨慎行事。
