Watson D, Clark L A, Harkness A R
Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University.
J Abnorm Psychol. 1994 Feb;103(1):18-31.
Trait concepts are used extensively in psychopathology research, but much of this research has failed to consider recent advances in the dimensional structure of personality. Many investigators have discounted the importance of this structural research, arguing that (a) little progress has been made in this area, (b) structural models have little direct relevance for psychopathology research, and (c) the principal methodological tool of structural research--factor analysis--is too subjective to yield psychologically meaningful results. We dispute each of these objections. Specifically, we offer an integrative hierarchical model--composed of four higher order traits--that is congruent with each of the major structural subtraditions within personality. We also discuss the implications of this integrative scheme for basic trait research, for the conceptualization and assessment of psychopathology, and for the etiology of disorder.
特质概念在精神病理学研究中被广泛使用，但该领域的许多研究未能考虑人格维度结构方面的最新进展。许多研究者低估了这一结构研究 的重要性，认为：（a）该领域进展甚微；（b）结构模型与精神病理学研究几乎没有直接关联；（c）结构研究的主要方法工具——因素分析——主观性太强，无法得出具有心理学意义的结果。我们对上述每一个反对观点都提出质疑。具体而言，我们提供了一个由四个高阶特质组成的综合层次模型，该模型与人格领域内各主要结构子传统中的每一个都相符。我们还讨论了这一综合框架对基本特质研究、精神病理学的概念化与评估以及障碍病因学的意义。
